Haemorrhoids

Of course. Haemorrhoids (often called "piles") are a very common and often treatable condition. Here’s a comprehensive overview.

What Are Haemorrhoids?

They are swollen, inflamed veins in the lower rectum and anus, similar to varicose veins. They can be:

· Internal: Located inside the rectum. Usually painless but can bleed.

· External: Under the skin around the anus. Can be itchy or painful.

· Prolapsed: Internal haemorrhoids that stretch and bulge outside the anal sphincter.

Common Causes & Risk Factors

· Straining during bowel movements (the most common cause)

· Chronic constipation or diarrhoea

· Pregnancy (increased pressure and hormonal changes)

· Heavy lifting or increased abdominal pressure

· Sitting for long periods, especially on the toilet

· Low-fibre diet

· Ageing (tissues supporting the veins weaken)

· Obesity

· Family history

Symptoms

Symptoms depend on the type but may include:

· Painless rectal bleeding (bright red blood on toilet paper or in the bowl)

· Anal itching or irritation

· Pain or discomfort, especially when sitting or during bowel movements

· A sensitive or painful lump near the anus (external)

· Leakage of faeces

Treatment & Management

Most haemorrhoids improve with simple at-home measures.

1. Lifestyle & Home Remedies (First Line of Defence):

· High-Fibre Diet: Eat more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains (e.g., bran, psyllium husk) to soften stool.

· Hydration: Drink plenty of water to avoid hard stools.

· Don't Strain: Avoid holding your breath or excessive pushing during bowel movements.

· Go When You Feel the Urge: Don't delay.

· Sitz Baths: Sit in warm water for 10-15 minutes, 2-3 times a day, especially after bowel movements.

· Good Anal Hygiene: Gently clean the area after bowel movements. Avoid harsh, dry toilet paper—use moist towelettes or a bidet.

· Pain Relief: Over-the-counter pain relievers (e.g., acetaminophen/paracetamol), ice packs, or topical numbing creams can help.

· Avoid Prolonged Sitting: Especially on hard surfaces or...